Journal of Pediatric Surgery
Volume 41, Issue 9 , Pages 1573-1581 , September 2006

Classification of the dysmorphology of pectus excavatum

  • Mark J. Cartoski

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • ,
  • Donald Nuss

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • ,
  • Michael J. Goretsky

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • ,
  • Virginia K. Proud

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • ,
  • Daniel P. Croitoru

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • ,
  • Tina Gustin

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • ,
  • Karen Mitchell

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • ,
  • Ellen Vasser

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • ,
  • Robert E. Kelly Jr.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, 601 Children's Lane, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.

References 

  1. Chung CS, Myrianthopoulos NC. Analysis of epidemiologic factors in congenital malformations. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1975;11(10):1–22
  2. Croitoru DP, Kelly RE, Goretsky MJ, et al. Experience and modification update for the minimally invasive Nuss technique for pectus excavatum repair in 303 patients. J Pediatr Surg. 2002;37(3):437–445
  3. Nuss D. The evolution of the Nuss procedure. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;35(6):649–660
  4. Hummer HP, Willital GH. Morphologic findings of chest deformities in children corresponding to the Willital-Hummer classification. J Pediatr Surg. 1985;19(5):562–566
  5. Park HJ, Lee SY, Lee CS, et al. The Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum: evolution of techniques and early results on 322 patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;77:289–295
  6. Boonvisut S, Ladpli S, Sujatanond M, et al. Morphologic study of 120 skull base defects in frontoethmoidal encephalomeningoceles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;101(7):1784–1795
  7. Haller JA, Kramer SS, Lietman SA. Use of CT scans in selection of patients for pectus excavatum surgery: a preliminary report. J Pediatr Surg. 1987;22(10):904–906
  8. Lawson ML, Barnes-Eley M, Burke MS, et al. Reliability of a standardized protocol to calculate cross-sectional chest area and severity indices to evaluate pectus excavatum. J Pediatr Surg [in press].
  9. Backer OG, Brunner S, Larsen V. Radiologic evaluation of funnel chest. Acta Radiol. 1961;55:249–256
  10. Nakahara K, Ohno K, Miyoshi S, et al. An evaluation of operative outcome in patients with funnel chest diagnosed by means of computed tomogram. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1987;93:577–582
  11. Nuss D, Kelly RE, Croitoru DP, et al. Repair of pectus excavatum. Pediatri Endosurg Innov Tech. 1998;2(4):205–221
  12. Bowen J, Haje A, Harcke H. Growth disturbance of the sternum and pectus deformities: imaging studies and clinical correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 1999;29:334–341
  13. Nuss D, Croitoru DP, Kelly RE, et al. Review and discussion of the complications of minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2002;12:230–234
  14. Carter DR, Wong M. Mechanical stress and morphogenetic endochondral ossification of the sternum. J Bone Joint Surg. 1988;70(7):992–1000
  15. Ashley GT. The relationship between the pattern of ossification and the definitive shape of the mesosternum in man. J Anat. 1956;90:87–105
  16. Nuss D, et al. A 10-year review of a minimally invasive technique for the correction of pectus excavatum. J Pediatr Surg. 1998;33(4):545–552
  17. Ohno K, Nakahira M, Takeuchi S, et al. Indications for surgical treatment of funnel chest by chest radiograph. Pediatr Surg Int. 2001;17:591–595

PII: S0022-3468(06)00354-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.055

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
Volume 41, Issue 9 , Pages 1573-1581 , September 2006

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